A eorporation



E. NALL.

METHOD OF MAKING TIRES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21. 1916.

1 ,3 1 6, 1 O4. Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- Edward Nall QOGMM,

'l'ul OOI-UIQIA MIDGIAPH 50.. "Aiillm'mu, D. :7

E. NALL.

METHOD 0F MAKING TIRES.

APPLICATION men 111x221. l9l6.

1 ,3 1 6, 1 04. Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

am. Edward Nan mm 5 5, Q,

E. NALL.

METHOD OF MAKENG TIRES.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 21. I916- 1,316,104.

Patented Spt. 16, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD NALL, or AKRGN, 01110, nesmnon 0 THE eeepxnnn 111m AND Runner. comment, 01' AKnoN, 01110, A: eemennzpmn on one.

METHQD on MAKING ewes.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 19, 1919.

To ulZ whom it may egg peer Be it known that I, Envvnnn NALL, e citizen of the Unitefl States, res ding at Akrpn, 1 t county of mmit a d State Qf Ohio; have invented new and useful Imgmvemente in Methode of Making Tires,

My resent invention relates to improveen 1 he m nufa ur o pn uma ie ire casings and more particularly relates m a method for building up e eord carcass of a pneumatic easing s a p incipel 01 1 1 it is. n emp e by the present inventlop to provide a methpd whereby h rd may be' a up dir c y upon a ring core, the laying up pres-e be.- ing refined to sueh simplieity, that while e opp i e as rpla ism b tw en ward pr sing adja n layer is re di y i e it i t ne essa y m fello ei he .of the more .complicated present da m ctiees Wliieh respectively cempriee the limldmg of the cords 0f eaeh layer into a loqse tempo.- y fabric, prim to h r epp eet n t the re, d t e emplQym f ng 93 or o k d t rm ning th e r e Q the mud in its application to t Another impprtant b-ject of my inventien is the provieign of 3L method of this general charecter, one of the steps of which consists in th bindi g f a h ad into h ca ing y F d e d wh define the ge of ad jacent cprd levees, such edges being lepped to inclqse the eagl by makin simllar'biae a gle w h t e pe t ve P es l yere wh eh they laterafl tennine te.

A still fu ther n ,ie 9 h n ent' n i to Provid a nove er ,efli en m tbpmeans by which the sheered ends 9f the cords ma h e ur lyet aelie p the een, s h me ns c nsi t g; par n a m herd rubber nnio between t e several cord ends nd the he he ebeve and dditioml obje ts Q a lli l' nat re, w mh more specifically treated, are preferably eccomplishepl by snch meens as are illu sfieted in the aecempanyin drawings, desem ed in the follewing speei cation, end then more p rti ularly nte nut i t shims whic are eppgende hesete and form a part cf this appllpation.

With reference to the rewings, wherein there has been illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention as it IS redgped t P cti e; a d thg ngh ut th sever v e s will be hereinafter of Whieh simile; reference numbers desigerre nend ng e: e 1 8 a zvf eevet nel showmg ed f n in th i s c rd ve H1 9 he care;

F g. 2 1e a tt'aneve s e SBUtlO e1 v ew taken ire h th c re 8 ing e fi s l y r O- 111a he- 01,

F g- 315 a iew i l r to Fig- 2 .sbewlllg he mplic ti n 9 th ads n he ar a F g- 4 e a i w im ar t igl s n the application of the secenpl cord ayer to e c r Figs. 5 and 6 are respective cross-sectional views taken through the core of Fig. 4 shqwing the bending of the cords of the st a GP ebe t the b e en the r p- P ng he we f h sewe ay s em ut Q 7 is a vi w 11 perspec ive i h p etea am r mme from its ne pa t of the outer gum gnvelop helng rolled back t ise s he or f rm t n nd ee 8 and 9 are tra ve e i l views taken through the carcass show ng, repeet vely, h anner 9 app yin t sh fing stripe en v ef bu lding out the side Walls Of the tire.

It should be here noted that the crosssectiunel views of the d 'awings show, for the eeke of clear-mess, the application of ut a single ne d i e ehle er the he we or the p ese e of t e 11; e d P s 0? nvohit en in and; ye 9 hesar e In h att nme t i e Ql JQQ f hi vent on my n ve pm es ne ede e llnn ne a ps: th epplleetn of e ee 0 unw d o g een em w car th e a Wi Qf a om ni ue rd abeu a F ne o e w er -d es cord cover entiggely inclo sing the core, cgrd Wee r en olii i Q? e ewe makmg annular bias angles with the core surfiwe; th an iea ie of a h e Q 1 d we t hi fi s {ave 0f q rde; t 4* application of e d ess heads ,ngen opposllge sideg: of the cop layer in prqxmnty tp the lly th re f; h eppheetm of a unciiped strip (pf gum he the here feee 0 eac heed; (f) t e slitting ,0! he produced e ve wir 15 a ng it n h bending outward ef the opposite edges of the eqqgl leyep to lap respective heads in ch e m nn that e ds mpp ie he .lapee flee ewe at am a le t the angle of their application to the core; (9') the application of an uncured gum strip to the outside face of each head; (h) the Winding of a second cord layer upon the core and at a bias angle opposite to the bias angle of application of the cords of the first layer; (5) the slitting of the second cord layer along its belly and then. turning, in of the separate edges thus produced to reversely overlap respective beads; the building out of the toe flanges oi the carcass along the lapped edges of the cord layer and the application of binding strips thereto to maintain each of the turned edges of the layers in their clamping juxtaposition to the bead; and (1c) the building out of the tire side walls to complete the method of laying up the cord carcass in readiness for the treading operation and for its vulcanization. The various steps in my novel carcass building method will be described in detail in the order of their porforn'iance.

In the drawings a collapsible core 10 is provided for the laying up operation oin-- prehended by this invention. This core is preferably of the, usual solid or hollow type and supported upon the adjustable spokes 1.1 of a spider also of such a common type as not to require a complete illustration. The core 10 is coated with cement at the initiation of my method and is completely covered with thin strips of pure rubber gum which form an inclosing sheet or apron 12 therefor, in which the first cord layer is to be embedded.

A continuous length of the cord used for both layers is composed of separate threads coated with a SOllltlOl'l of which rubber is preferably the basis and helically twisted to form the cord unit. the exterior of which is sufficiently tacky to insure firm adhesion to the core apron 12. The first cord layer 18 is applied to the core 10 by a helical wrappin completely around the exterior of the core, and the Winding process may be accompanied by the application of a desired degree of tension to the cord in order that the eonvolutions of the entire layer may be uniformly stretched into place. The pitch of the helix is such that the cord convolutions make a constant bias angle of 45 degrees with the core surface which they overlie.

The first layer of cords being thus completed, a number of strips 14 (or a single sheet) of uncured gum, are applied to the cords to form an inclosing blanket therefor.

End ess beads 15 herein shown as of the noh-efirtensilil'e type, are neirt applied in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3 and with suflicie nt pressure to insure the adhesion of each cord end to the head through the gum 14 whereby the t nsion on the cords will be maintained. T e beads are usually trianguarin cross-section and have the surface forming the hypotenuse of the triangular cross-scctlon pressed firmly nto contact with the ortions of the cord cover innuediatel y adpiccnt the belly oi the carcass. As illustrated in all of the sectional views the core 10 may be "formed with annular beveled surfaces 16 adjacent its inner circumference for accoinn'iodation of these beads in their proper position.

When both bonds have been applied. a cut ting, instrument is pressed against the inner diameter of the core and the latter rotated upon its spider in order that the inclosing cover provided by the layer 13may be annularly slit along its belly. The severed extremities oi the cord are not displaced by this slitting operation owing to the fact of their being securely embedded in the rubber coating 12.

The edges of the cord layer protruding beyond respective beads are then turned back upon themselves and outwardly into the lapped position with respect to the bases of the beads 15 shown in Fig. 5. this turning process twisting the severed cord extremities out of their hiaz: a nglc with respect to the core 10 in the manner illustrated in Fig. 7. Previous to or after their adjustment upon the layer 13, the base faces of the beads 15 may be provided with a coating of uncured gum 17 adapted to maintain the cord ends in the position illustrated.

Fig. 6 shows the carcass in its next step of construction, which is completed when the cord comprising the second layer 18 has been applied to helically encircle the core 10, but at a bias angle of 45 degrees directly opposite the bias angle of the cord comprising layer 13. The cords of the two supen posed layers accordingly cross each other at right angles. The second layer is also slit alone its belly and the severed cord extremities complete the inclosure of the beads 15 upon their outer faces and also serve to lap both the bead bases and the bent extremities of the first cord layer lapping such bases. Before the laying up of this second cord layer onto the carcass, sheets of gum 19 are placed upon the side faces of the beads and extended across the lapped ends of the cord layer 14 to form a, continuation of the um coat 14'. The slitting process includes two belly cuts for the layer 18 and the removal of a central annular scrap portion between the beads.

It will be seen upon reference to Fig. 6 that the lapped edges 20 of the second cord 'layer 18 project beyond the beads in order to complete the delineation of the toe flanges of the finished carcass. Cords 21 are annular y wound along each toe in order to fill t space between the cords of the two layers 12 and 18 at the toe ofthe bead flanges and binding and chafing strips 22 and 23 are then applied to inclose'respective toes in the IOU manner shown in Fig. 8. In this nianner each of the bead toes it made a solld umt within which the beads 15 are looked, by reversely lapping core strips while the cords of the two layers are so intemneshed at the heads that displacement with respec thereto is impossible.

Fig. 9 is illustrativ oi. the final step in my method of constructing a cord ar ss showing; the outer layer of rubber whirh is placed upon the second cord layer 18 to build out the side walls 24 of the tire and to some rate the cords of the outer layer from the tread.

In accordance with the method outlined in the foregoing, I am able to produce a cord carcass formed of a plurality of cord layers, each of which layers is produced by a helical winding of the cord about the core and at its desired bias angle thereto, while the beads of the tire are deeply embedded in the tire flanges formed by a lapping ofthe edges of the cord layers therealiout. The beads are reliably maintained within these flanges due to the facts that opposite cord edges are reversely lapped and that cords of each lapped edge make an anglewith their bias angle of application to the core so that they are all the more firmly locked against any disengagement of the bead.

I have herein specified that the strip of uncured gum which extends across the lower face of the layer of cords compris d by the ends of the cords of the layer 13 i a con timmrion of the gum strip 19. This errangement is desirable under some eirenm stances but it is obvious that as an alternative the gum strip or blanket 12 may be con.- tinued to extend to the ends of the cords in the layer 13.

When the gum separating the lapped ends of the two la ers of cords 13 and 18 i applied as: an e ement separate from the gum sheet 12 and the gum strip 19, it is possible to em )loy a novel method in uniting the lapped cord ends to each other and to the bead, By such ovel method the um gtrip 17 end the gum strip 19 are ten rubber compound which is adapted t c ip to a predetermined degree othardness in lessti ne than the-rubber eets 12' and it require to properly cure, T 11s, itiS obvious that when the tire has been properly cure in the vnlcanizing mold the rubber fistrips 17 and 1 will be semi-hard and Wll theree i e the hi re e p d and rigidity and. W111 ccneeqpently prorh a union between lapped ended the cords between the Cords and tlie'beads, which w ll be morerfli en fo some p lrpe es than e reihe' glhtlfilllPS 17 and 19 of thesame character of compound as the grim stri 12 and 14.

trated in the drawings and deeprihed in the n en as a a ed i th prece n i fi io my prefe ed method q lay nfi 1. he herein de cr ed met od of buildi g up t cor e rca & fo e tire shoe or eas ing comprised in t e following t ul 'essive steps: (0;) the Wind ng of a continuous cord hellcally about a ring core to completely nclose the latter; (5) the application of endless beads to the cord cover thug produced; (0) the annular slitting of the cord cover ng its belly; (d) the en ing of the s it edges t overlap the bases of the applied beads; (e) thewra, ping of a second eon? tinuoi e cord aroun both the first ply of cords and the lasads en aged thereby; (f) e litting of t e seeen or co e alo g its belly and disposing the slit edges to overlap the beads in the 'd reet nn epp ei z to that of the fillt dges of the rst named cord cover.

2. The here n. de me meme of build:

ing up a cord camaes fOr a tire shoe or caegcomprleed nt 6 fo lowing step (e) the helical w nd ng 0. a pontinno'us, pord to completely 1 dose a ri g core; (11) the applicatlon of eads to the eord cover, thus produeed, adjacent the belly of the cover; (a) e slit ing qf e c d eove alon t be y; (d) the ti rnmg .of the. separa d edges f he cord rover tq m erlap eaid h ads; a d the hehcel mdm Of e when in rd upon the first y of mu er; if)

slitting f t e een, 9 d caper, along 1 3.

belly [finding t e separated edges to erlep h ad in the eppes e di eet e e: of e ei eded es; ef he. fir t mm c comprp in t e to 1p helical wrappingtof a eontmlwn .cor we w to "p uce a pletely nclosin the co e; tion of e to Wh g s em; t

gespithe eprql eoy r ,haee fif reseect e m rd eov er more .F iii h ria w e u 9rd o Pmwd it s em cord ewer s perposed upon the .filet m nt oned cord cover; and if) the lit ingef he heeend cord proper elly and bending of e s r er m re rlep esreqtie beads in a reversed direction to the everlater of the first mentioned cord cover.

4. o 'l e" hereindescribed method of building" at 06rd" carcass for a tire shoe or cite in' cdin pris'ed in the following steps: (a) th wrapp ng of a continuous cord at a predetermined its an'gle' completely around a mi" Opes; (b') the ep licatibn of endless beads to opposite sides 0 the cord cover" thus laid up upon the core; (0') the slitting of the cord cov'er along it's belly; (d) theturning' of the separated edges of the cord cover outwardly and at a predetermined angle to the bias angle of wi'ii'din" of said cover, so thift the turned edges'of t e cord cover overlap the bases of respective beads and (c) the ia ingu er a co'nt'inuous'oord to forth a supeipt's cord cover and at a bias angiqle" to the core opposite to the bias'ang'le of t e first iii'ent'ioned cord cover, (f) the slitting of the superposed cord cover alon its belly and the ending of the separate edges to overlap the bases of tespectiye beads in a direction opposite to the overlapping of the turned edges 01; the first mentioned cord cover and also at a predetermined angle to the bias winding angle of the superposed cover. o v a. The herein deseifibed method of building up at ease carcass for 8; the shoe or as ing cornprised in the ollowing steps; (a) the helical winding of a continuous cord aboii t a tin" eta ,to produce a cord cover entir'eli ineltsing the, core; are passes or con:- vol'li'tions 6f the cord makin a' similar bias angle flo the' cord surface; the applicatioti of endless beads u" on opposite sides of the cord layer in 'i oim'it to the belly thereof; (a) the sllttin' o the produced cord cover along its b'e'l and the bending outward of the opposite edges of the cord layer to overlap respective beads in such manner that the bent e ln d a't an e to the helical wi d gt; gle of the to! s; id) the vvi'ndin' of a', sense cord layer span t e was a a bias angle opposite to -the blas ahgl of apiiheation of the cords of he rst layer; (e) the sli ting oftlle'see on cord layer ailon eaten and the bend ing at the septgat ,ed es th rteueed t'o 0v la res'seuve has in a reversed difreetio' at t *e ver-1:39pm ed" as of the first mefiti nod to; layer; an thebuildiiig out o the at flan 's" of the ceresss by tile in titute a new member 'e'rein I 6. The rear escrfibe'd' manta of building d V cerd tai'tass tor a tire shoe or as 11% esia pfiaa is at foilt'wing atps'e (a') the em; vi iiiding'o'f a epntihujous'oid' about a riti cdret'o produce a herd cover the core, the passes or e do a akin a similar the app 1- entirely, in; d'si cation ti betas y t p y :9 f rigged-as trait'eeranysia et aw eater-5(a the slitting ofthe produced cord cover along its belly and the bendin outward of the oppositc edges of the cor layer to overlap respective beads by extending at an angle to the helical winding angle of the cords; (d) the winding of a second cord lager upon the core at a bias angle opposite to t e bias angle of application of the cords of the first layer; (0) the slitting of the second cord layer along its belly and the bending of the sepa rated edges thus produced to overlap respecti've beads in a reversed direction to the overlapping edges of the first mentioned cord layer; (f) the building out of the toe flanges of the carcass by the insertion of annular members; and (g) the application of binding and chafing strips to respective toe flanges to maintain each of the turned edges of the superposed cord layers in their clamping juxtaposition to the bead.

7. The herein described method of building up a cord carcass for a tire shoe or casingcomprised in the following steps: (a) the he ical Winding of a continuous cord about a ring core to produce a cord cover entirely inclosing the core, passes or convolutions of the 06rd niakin' a similar bias angle to the cord surface; (5) the application of endless beads upon opposite si es'of the cord layer in proximity to the belly thereof; (0) the slitting (if the produced corfd cover along its belly and the bending outward of the opposite edges of the cord layer to overla respective beads by extending at an ang e to the helical wiiiding angle of the cords; (d) the windin of a second cord layer upon the core at a ias angle opposite to the bias angle of application of the cords of the first layer; (6') the slitting of the second cord layer along its belly and the bending of the separated edges thus produced to overlap respective beads in a reversed direction to theoverlapping edges of the first mentioned cord layer; (7) the building out of the toe flan es 0 the carcass by the insertion of annular mernbers; (g) the application of binding and ehafiiig stri s to' respective toe flan as to maintain sac of the tn'rned edges oft -e'su er 'osed cord layer in their clam ing- 'ui'ztapo'sitionto the bead; and (It) to bull ing' out of the side walls of the cord carcass to complete the carcass in readiness for the a plication of}; tread band thereto. 8. Theiherein described method of making a are shoe .or casin which consists of the following steps (0% the wrapping of a contiguous, cord elica 1y about a core to enti ely inclose' t 6 latter; (6) the application of endless beads to the cord cover thus produced; (a) the, slitting of the cord cover along its belly; (d) theplacing of an uncure gum envelop upon the cord cover; 6) the placin of uncured gum strips on the an aces, such gum strips being of hd daring semi-hard in less time exposed 11 0:111:40

than that re uired for a similar curing of the gum enve 0p; (f) the fitting of the cut edges of said cord cover to said beads; (51) the Winding of a second layer of cord upon said gum envelop; (it) the slittin of the second cord cover along its belly and the applieation of the cut edges to said beads; (i) the building out of the side Walls of the tire; and (k) the vulcanization of the built up 10 carcass, whereby said gum strips are cured to a relatively greater degree of hardness than is said gum envelop.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD NALL.

Witnesses:

LELA WAGNER, B. J. MCDANEL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

